Snell’s law of refraction
Calculate the angle of refraction across an optical boundary (n₁, n₂) or check for total internal reflection.
Open calculatorThin-lens equation
Thin-lens equation: 1/f = 1/u + 1/v (real-is-positive convention); linear magnification m = −v/u. A positive focal length f represents a converging lens; a negative f represents a diverging lens.
Image distance (v)
30Solved value
Focal length (f)
10
Object distance (u)
15
Linear magnification
−2
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With f = 10 cm and u = 15 cm, a real inverted image forms at v = 30 cm with magnification −2.
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Educational estimate only. Not medical, tax, legal or financial advice.