Margin and markup
Calculate unit profit, gross profit margin (%) and markup (%) from unit cost and selling price.
Open calculatorVAT
Gross is net multiplied by (1 + VAT rate). In the reverse direction, the calculator divides the gross price by (1 + rate) to extract the exact net amount and tax.
Choose whether you are starting from a net amount (adding VAT) or extracting VAT from a tax-inclusive gross price.
Starting figure — net without tax or gross with tax, depending on your selection above.
VAT rate in percent — defaults to 23% in Poland; change to 8%, 5%, 0% or your local rate.
%
Net amount
100
VAT amount
23
Gross amount
123
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How was this calculated?
- 1 + 23 ÷ 100
- Gross amount: 100 × (1 + 23 ÷ 100) = 123
- VAT amount: 100 × (1 + 23 ÷ 100) − 100 = 23
Intermediate amounts are not rounded in the calculation; displayed numbers are rounded to two decimal places.
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Frequently asked questions
How do I add 23% VAT to a net amount?
Gross = net × (1 + VAT rate). At 23% you multiply by 1.23: 1,000 net gives 230 VAT and 1,230 gross. In the calculator, select “Net (without VAT)” and enter your rate.
How do I extract VAT from a gross price? Why is subtracting 23% of gross wrong?
Because a gross price already represents 123% of the net value. VAT is 23/123 (~18.70%) of the gross price, so net = gross ÷ 1.23. From 1,230 gross you get 1,000 net and 230 VAT (not 282.90).
Which VAT rates can I enter?
The default is 23% (Poland’s standard rate), but you can type 8%, 5%, 0%, 19% (Germany), 20% (UK/Austria) or any custom percentage required for your invoice.
What is the difference between net, VAT and gross on an invoice?
Net is the price before tax. VAT is the tax calculated on that net amount. Gross is net plus VAT — the total amount payable by the buyer.
Can I use this result as an official tax return or JPK filing?
No. This is a fast verification tool, not accounting software. Official VAT registers and JPK_V7 filings must follow statutory line-item invoice rounding rules.
Educational estimate only. Not medical, tax, legal or financial advice.