CAGR
The constant yearly rate that takes a start value to an end value.
Open a calculatorReal return
Real = (1 + nominal) / (1 + inflation) − 1. A 7% fund in 3.5% inflation is about 3.4% real, not 3.5. Tax is not subtracted.
Nominal annual return in percent — e.g. average fund or portfolio yield before inflation.
Nominal annual return in percent — e.g. average fund or portfolio yield before inflation.%
Yearly inflation in percent — real return is (1+n)/(1+i)−1, not a simple subtraction.
Yearly inflation in percent — real return is (1+n)/(1+i)−1, not a simple subtraction.%
Real return
3.4%
Real return: 3.4%
Same arithmetic as the raise-versus-inflation page, for a portfolio instead of a salary.
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An educational estimate. Not medical, tax or credit advice.